Discrete+Adjoint+Gradient+Calculation

The discrete adjoint method is our preferred method for calculating sensitivities of an objective function with respect to design variables, dJ/dX. See Section 3.3 of [|Nemec's thesis] for a description of its implementation in Optima2D. For some historical background, checkout Pironneau's seminal paper [|(Pironneau, 1974)] which laid the mathematical foundation for Jameson's later work demonstrating the practical application of the method to aerodynamic shape optimization problems within a CFD context.